Apa subtitles
If and only if an item is signed as being created by Anonymous, use "Anonymous" where you'd normally put the author's name. If you don't have a person's name as the author, but do have the name of an organization or corporation, put that organization/corporation's name as the author. Remember: an author/creator may be an organization or corporation, for example Health Canada. Follow the title/name of the item with the date of publication, and the continue with other citation details. If no author or creator is provided, start the citation with the title/name of the item you are citing instead. If it was never published in print, treat it like a multi-page website. If an ebook from a website was originally published in print, give the author, year, title, edition (if given) and the url. For audiobooks, include the narrator and audiobook notation.Įbooks from Websites (not from library databases) Examples: Toronto, ON Tokyo, Japanĭon't include the format, platform, or device (e.g. For other countries, list the city name and the country. For cities in the US and Canada list the city name and the province or state code.
Only for works associated with a specific location, like conference presentations, include the location. If there is a colon in the article title, also capitalize the first letter of the first word after the colon.ĭo not include the publisher location in the reference. Do not italicize the titles of articles or book chapters.Ĭapitalize only the first letter of the first word of the article title. Italicize titles of journals, magazines, newspapers, and books. If there is a colon (:) in the title, also capitalize the first letter of the first word after the colon.Ĭapitalize the first letter of proper names in titles, such as names of places or people. Rules are different for in-text citations please see the examples provided.Ĭapitalize the first letter of the first word of the title. When a book has 21 or more authors or editors, list the first 19 authors followed by three spaced ellipse points (.), and then the last author's name. When a book has one to 20 authors or editors, all authors' names are cited in the Reference List entry. This happens most often with corporate or group authors. If an author is also the publisher, omit the publisher from the reference. If a book has no author or editor, begin the citation with the book title, followed by the year of publication in round brackets. These are called group or corporate authors. It may be an organization or company, for example Health Canada.
An author won't necessarily be a person's name.